Use the navigator to the right
to select a Time Scale or specific Event.
"FROM THE BIG BANG
TO THE WORLD WIDE WEB"™
Text by Kathy Schick and Nicholas Toth.
Painting by John Agnew. Copyright 2011,
THE STONE AGE INSTITUTE®.
All rights reserved.
Event 25
“OF THE FIRST ORDER”
THE RADIATION OF THE PRIMATES
55 million years ago
 |
| Darwinius masillae is a very early Adapiform primate from the Eocene epoch. The fossil specimen pictured above is the most complete fossil primate ever found that is dated to around 47 million years ago. There is an ongoing debate as to whether Darwinius is the transitional form between simian and prosimian primate lineages. It is currently classified in the family Notharctidae, in the subfamily Cercamoniinae. Credit: Image is attributed to Jens L. Franzen, Philip D. Gingerich, Jörg Habersetzer1, Jørn H. Hurum, Wighart von Koenigswald, B. Holly Smith in a Public Library of Science article/ Wikipedia. |
The 17th century Swedish naturalist Carol Linnaeus got it right - When he developed his system of biological classification now called Linnaean taxonomy, he correctly grouped humans, apes and monkeys into the order Primates (meaning “first” or “top”). Compared to other mammals, primates are characterized by having relatively large brains to body size, nails rather than claws, stereoscopic (“3-D”) vision, color vision, and an overall reduction in the snout and organs for smell. They tend to give birth to small litters and spend more time caring for their young as well. The fossil record shows that, as is the case of most mammal orders, primates evolved from a shrew-like ancestor between 65 and 55 million years ago.
The earliest recognized primate-like fossils are Purgatorius and Plesiadipis, dating to between 65 to 55 million years old, and some of the first fossils generally considered to be true primates are Smilodectes and Notharctus dating to about 55 million years ago. These early, primitive primates would be classified as prosimians or “pre-monkeys” (modern examples of prosimians include lemurs, tarsiers, and galagos or “bushbabies”). Recently, a so-called fossil primate “missing link” was announced from a quarry in Germany: a complete skeleton of an animal called Darwinius dating to 47 million years ago that might be close to a stem ancestor of all monkeys, apes, and humans.
 |
| This is an artist's conception of Darwinius masillae. A study of the skeleton reveals that Darwinius was probably an arboreal qudruped. Credit: Image is attributed to Jens L. Franzen, Philip D. Gingerich, Jörg Habersetzer1, Jørn H. Hurum, Wighart von Koenigswald, B. Holly Smith in a Public Library of Science article/ Wikipedia. |
HOW DO WE KNOW?
Fossil primates from well-dated deposits show us a general pattern of evolution from simpler prosimians to monkeys and apes, and finally hominins (proto-humans and humans). Studies of DNA have shown that humans are most closely related to modern apes (like chimpanzees, bonobos, gorillas, and oranguatans), then Old World monkeys (such as baboons, colobus, and vervet monkeys) then New World Monkeys (including capuchins, howlers, and squirrel monkeys), then prosimians.
WHY SHOULD I CARE?
The radiation (spread) of primates documents the evolution of our mammalian order and the origins of the human lineage. At every phase of primate evolution, there was a population of animals that were ancestral to ourselves, and their survival skills and reproductive success were absolutely necessary for our existence today.
WEB RESOURCES
This website from the University of Wisconsin Madison has a plethora of information about primate evolution.
http://pin.primate.wisc.edu/aboutp/evol/index.html
This is a website with a lot of information about the origins of primates, also has crossword puzzles and flash cards.
http://anthro.palomar.edu/earlyprimates/early_2.htm
This is a NOVA website about tracing the human lineage to the earliest ancestors.
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/evolution/first-primates.html
This is a web site with links to specific species of primates.
http://www.theprimata.com/factsheets.html
1
"From Nothing to Everything:
The Origins of the Universe,
the Solar System, Earth, and Life"
13.7 billion to 1 billion years ago
The Origins of the Universe,
the Solar System, Earth, and Life"
13.7 billion to 1 billion years ago
.
"From Nothing to Everything:
The Origins of the Universe, the Solar System, Earth, and Life"
13.7 billion to 1 billion years ago
1
"The Big Bang"
The Origins of Matter, Energy, Space, and Time
13.7 billion years ago
The Origins of Matter, Energy, Space, and Time
13.7 billion years ago
"The Big Bang"
The Origins of Matter, Energy, Space, and Time
13.7 billion years ago
2
"Great Balls of Fire"
The First Stars
13.5 billion years ago
The First Stars
13.5 billion years ago
"Great Balls of Fire"
The First Stars
13.5 billion years ago
3
"Cosmic Alchemy"
The Creation of the Heavier Elements
13.4 billion years ago
The Creation of the Heavier Elements
13.4 billion years ago
"Cosmic Alchemy"
The Creation of the Heavier Elements
13.4 billion years ago
4
"Spinning Wheels"
The First Galaxies
13 billion years ago
The First Galaxies
13 billion years ago
"Spinning Wheels"
The First Galaxies
13 billion years ago
5
"Here Comes the Sun"
The Birth of the Solar System, Including the Earth
4.6 billion years ago
The Birth of the Solar System, Including the Earth
4.6 billion years ago
"Here Comes the Sun"
The Birth of the Solar System, Including the Earth
4.6 billion years ago
6
"Earth, Wind and Fire"
The First Rocks, Oceans and Atmosphere
4.5 billion years ago
The First Rocks, Oceans and Atmosphere
4.5 billion years ago
"Earth, Wind and Fire"
The First Rocks, Oceans and Atmosphere
4.5 billion years ago
7
"Just Add Water"
The Origins of Life
3.8 billion years ago
The Origins of Life
3.8 billion years ago
"Just Add Water"
The Origins of Life
3.8 billion years ago
8
"The Great Rust"
The Addition of Oxygen to the Atmosphere and Oceans
3 billion years ago
The Addition of Oxygen to the Atmosphere and Oceans
3 billion years ago
"The Great Rust"
The Addition of Oxygen to the Atmosphere and Oceans
3 billion years ago
9
"Snowball Earth"
The First Ice Ages
2.2 billion years ago
The First Ice Ages
2.2 billion years ago
"Snowball Earth"
The First Ice Ages
2.2 billion years ago
10
"Kingdom of Beasts"
The Rise of Animals
1 billion years ago
The Rise of Animals
1 billion years ago
"Kingdom of Beasts"
The Rise of Animals
1 billion years ago
2
"All Creatures Great and Small:
The Cambrian Explosion of
Animal Life and its Aftershocks"
1 billion to 100 million years ago
The Cambrian Explosion of
Animal Life and its Aftershocks"
1 billion to 100 million years ago
.
"Animal House:
The Cambrian Explosion of Animal Life and its Aftershocks"
1 billion to 100 million years ago
11
"Movers and Shakers"
The First Definite Multicellular Animals
600 million years ago
The First Definite Multicellular Animals
600 million years ago
"Movers and Shakers"
The First Definite Multicellular Animals
600 million years ago
12
"AnimalHouse"
The Cambrian Explosion
543 million years ago
The Cambrian Explosion
543 million years ago
"AnimalHouse"
The Cambrian Explosion
543 million years ago
13
"In Search of the Lost Chordate"
Finding the Ancestor of Vertebrates (and Ourselves)
530 million years ago
Finding the Ancestor of Vertebrates (and Ourselves)
530 million years ago
"In Search of the Lost Chordate"
Finding the Ancestor of Vertebrates (and Ourselves)
530 million years ago
14
"Get a Backbone"
The Rise of the Vertebrates
525 million years ago
The Rise of the Vertebrates
525 million years ago
"Get a Backbone"
The Rise of the Vertebrates
525 million years ago
15
"Get out of the Pool"
Early Amphibians
360 million years ago
Early Amphibians
360 million years ago
"Get out of the Pool"
Early Amphibians
360 million years ago
16
"Landlubbers"
The First Reptiles
315 million years ago
The First Reptiles
315 million years ago
"Landlubbers"
The First Reptiles
315 million years ago
17
"The Great Dying"
The Permian Extinction
250 million years ago
The Permian Extinction
250 million years ago
"The Great Dying"
The Permian Extinction
250 million years ago
18
"Got Milk?"
Early Mammals and Dinosaurs
220 - 200 million years ago
Early Mammals and Dinosaurs
220 - 200 million years ago
"Got Milk?"
Early Mammals and Dinosaurs
220 - 200 million years ago
19
"Up, Up, and Away"
The Earliest Birds
145 million years ago
The Earliest Birds
145 million years ago
"Up, Up, and Away"
The Earliest Birds
145 million years ago
20
"Flower Power"
The First Flowering Plants
125 million years ago
The First Flowering Plants
125 million years ago
"Flower Power"
The First Flowering Plants
125 million years ago
3
"The Meek Inheritors:
the Dinosaur Extinction
and the Rise of Mammals"
100 million to 10 million years ago
and the Rise of Mammals"
100 million to 10 million years ago
.
"The Meek Inheritors:
the Dinosaur Extinction and the Rise of Mammals"
100 million to 10 million years ago
21
"Cretaceous Park"
The Later Dinosaurs
95-65 million years ago
The Later Dinosaurs
95-65 million years ago
"Cretaceous Park"
The Later Dinosaurs
95-65 million years ago
22
"One Extraterrestial Impact Can Ruin your Whole Day":
The Dinosaur Extinction
65 million years ago
The Dinosaur Extinction
65 million years ago
"One Extraterrestial Impact Can Ruin your Whole Day":
The Dinosaur Extinction
65 million years ago
23
"A Warm and Fuzzy Feeling"
The Mammalian Radiation
60 million years ago
The Mammalian Radiation
60 million years ago
"A Warm and Fuzzy Feeling"
The Mammalian Radiation
60 million years ago
24
"Orogenous Zone"
The Rise of the Himalayas
55 million years ago
The Rise of the Himalayas
55 million years ago
"Orogenous Zone"
The Rise of the Himalayas
55 million years ago
25
"Of the First Order"
The Radiation of the Primates
55 million years ago
The Radiation of the Primates
55 million years ago
"Of the First Order"
The Radiation of the Primates
55 million years ago
26
"The Land Down Under"
The Origin of Australia and its Animals
40 million years ago
The Origin of Australia and its Animals
40 million years ago
"The Land Down Under"
The Origin of Australia and its Animals
40 million years ago
27
"Hey, Hey, We're the Monkeys"
The Rise of Monkeys
35 million years ago
The Rise of Monkeys
35 million years ago
"Hey, Hey, We're the Monkeys"
The Rise of Monkeys
35 million years ago
28
"Grazing in the Grass"
The Spread of Grasslands and Grazing Animals
Beginning 25 million years ago
The Spread of Grasslands and Grazing Animals
Beginning 25 million years ago
"Grazing in the Grass"
The Spread of Grasslands and Grazing Animals
Beginning 25 million years ago
29
"The Sultans of Swing"
The Rise of Apes
23 million years ago
The Rise of Apes
23 million years ago
"The Sultans of Swing"
The Rise of Apes
23 million years ago
30
"Father of Kong"
The Earliest Gorilla-like Forms
10 million years ago
The Earliest Gorilla-like Forms
10 million years ago
"Father of Kong"
The Earliest Gorilla-like Forms
10 million years ago
4
"Upstanding Apes:
The Rise of Hominids,
the Role of Rock,
and Food for Thought"
10 million to 1 million years ago
The Rise of Hominids,
the Role of Rock,
and Food for Thought"
10 million to 1 million years ago
.
"Upstanding Apes:
The Rise of Hominids, the Role of Rock, and Food for Thought"
10 million to 1 million years ago
31
"Branching Out"
The Last Shared Ancestor of Apes and Humans
7 million years ago
The Last Shared Ancestor of Apes and Humans
7 million years ago
"Branching Out"
The Last Shared Ancestor of Apes and Humans
7 million years ago
32
"Upstanding Apes"
The Earliest Bipedal Hominins
6 to 4 million years ago
The Earliest Bipedal Hominins
6 to 4 million years ago
"Upstanding Apes"
The Earliest Bipedal Hominins
6 to 4 million years ago
33
"I am an Ape-Man"
The Earlier Australopithecine
4.0-2.5 million years ago
The Earlier Australopithecine
4.0-2.5 million years ago
"I am an Ape-Man"
The Earlier Australopithecine
4.0-2.5 million years ago
34
"The Big Chill"
The Beginning of Climatic Cooling
3 to 2 million years ago
The Beginning of Climatic Cooling
3 to 2 million years ago
"The Big Chill"
The Beginning of Climatic Cooling
3 to 2 million years ago
35
"Our Poor Cousins"
The Later Australopithecine and their Extinction
2.6-1.0 million yeas ago
The Later Australopithecine and their Extinction
2.6-1.0 million yeas ago
"Our Poor Cousins"
The Later Australopithecine and their Extinction
2.6-1.0 million yeas ago
36
"The Role of Rock"
The Earliest Stone Tools
2.6 million years ago
The Earliest Stone Tools
2.6 million years ago
"The Role of Rock"
The Earliest Stone Tools
2.6 million years ago
37
"I'm Your Handy Man"
The Emergence of the Genus Homo and Brain Expansion
1.9-1.5 million years ago
The Emergence of the Genus Homo and Brain Expansion
1.9-1.5 million years ago
"I'm Your Handy Man"
The Emergence of the Genus Homo and Brain Expansion
1.9-1.5 million years ago
38
"Bigger and Badder"
The Emergence of Homo Erectus
1.8 million years ago
The Emergence of Homo Erectus
1.8 million years ago
"Bigger and Badder"
The Emergence of Homo Erectus
1.8 million years ago
39
"Out of Africa"
The Earliest Eurasians
1.8 million years ago
The Earliest Eurasians
1.8 million years ago
"Out of Africa"
The Earliest Eurasians
1.8 million years ago
40
"Axes of Power"
The Invention of the Handaxe
1.76 million years ago
The Invention of the Handaxe
1.76 million years ago
"Axes of Power"
The Invention of the Handaxe
1.76 million years ago
5
"Becoming Human (or Just About):
The Rise of Homo Sapiens
and Our Neanderthal Cousins"
1 million to 100,000 years ago
The Rise of Homo Sapiens
and Our Neanderthal Cousins"
1 million to 100,000 years ago
.
"Becoming Human (or Just About):
The Rise of Homo Sapiens and Our Neanderthal Cousins"
1 million to 100,000 years ago
41
"Big Brains, Big Faces"
Homo heidelbergensis and Probably Language
500,000 to 250,000 years ago
Homo heidelbergensis and Probably Language
500,000 to 250,000 years ago
"Big Brains, Big Faces"
Homo heidelbergensis and Probably Language
500,000 to 250,000 years ago
42
"Fearful Symmetry"
Later Refined Handaxes
500,000 to 250,000 years ago
Later Refined Handaxes
500,000 to 250,000 years ago
"Fearful Symmetry"
Later Refined Handaxes
500,000 to 250,000 years ago
43
"Bring Out Your Dead"
The Origins of Ritual Behavior
400,000 years ago
The Origins of Ritual Behavior
400,000 years ago
"Bring Out Your Dead"
The Origins of Ritual Behavior
400,000 years ago
44
"Get the Point?"
The First Spears
400,000 years ago
The First Spears
400,000 years ago
"Get the Point?"
The First Spears
400,000 years ago
45
"Chips Off the Old Block"
Prepared Core Technologies
300,000 years ago
Prepared Core Technologies
300,000 years ago
"Chips Off the Old Block"
Prepared Core Technologies
300,000 years ago
46
"Light My Fire"
The Controlled Use of Fire
300,000 years ago
The Controlled Use of Fire
300,000 years ago
"Light My Fire"
The Controlled Use of Fire
300,000 years ago
47
"Almost Human"
Neandertals and Nearly Modern Humans
Beginning 250,000 years ago
Neandertals and Nearly Modern Humans
Beginning 250,000 years ago
"Almost Human"
Neandertals and Nearly Modern Humans
Beginning 250,000 years ago
48
"Welcome to Middle Earth"
The Middle Palaeolithic
Beginning 250,000 years ago
The Middle Palaeolithic
Beginning 250,000 years ago
"Welcome to Middle Earth"
The Middle Palaeolithic
Beginning 250,000 years ago
49
"Seashells by the Seashore"
Intensive Exploitation of Seafoods
165,000 years ago
Intensive Exploitation of Seafoods
165,000 years ago
"Seashells by the Seashore"
Intensive Exploitation of Seafoods
165,000 years ago
50
"A Modern Stone Age Family"
The Emergence of Homo Sapiens
160,000 years ago
The Emergence of Homo Sapiens
160,000 years ago
"A Modern Stone Age Family"
The Emergence of Homo Sapiens
160,000 years ago
6
"The Creative Explosion:
The Rise of Symbolism, Language,
Religion, Art, and Music"
100,000 to 10,000 years ago
The Rise of Symbolism, Language,
Religion, Art, and Music"
100,000 to 10,000 years ago
.
"The Creative Explosion:
The Rise of Symbolism, Language, Religion, Art, and Music"
100,000 to 10,000 years ago
51
"Points of Conflict"
The Earliest Compound Tools & Points
100,000 years ago
The Earliest Compound Tools & Points
100,000 years ago
"Points of Conflict"
The Earliest Compound Tools & Points
100,000 years ago
52
"Rest in Peace"
The First Burials
90,000 years ago
The First Burials
90,000 years ago
"Rest in Peace"
The First Burials
90,000 years ago
53
"Bling-Bling"
The First Personal Decoration
80,000 years ago
The First Personal Decoration
80,000 years ago
"Bling-Bling"
The First Personal Decoration
80,000 years ago
54
"A Roof Over Your Head"
The First Architecture
42,000 years ago
The First Architecture
42,000 years ago
"A Roof Over Your Head"
The First Architecture
42,000 years ago
55
"Blade Runners"
Upper Palaeolithic Blade Technologies
40,000 years ago
Upper Palaeolithic Blade Technologies
40,000 years ago
"Blade Runners"
Upper Palaeolithic Blade Technologies
40,000 years ago
56
"Brave New Worlds"
The Peopling of Australia and the Americas
40,000 to 12,000 years ago
The Peopling of Australia and the Americas
40,000 to 12,000 years ago
"Brave New Worlds"
The Peopling of Australia and the Americas
40,000 to 12,000 years ago
57
"Express Yourself"
The First Representational Art & Music
35,000 years ago
The First Representational Art & Music
35,000 years ago
"Express Yourself"
The First Representational Art & Music
35,000 years ago
58
"A Stitch in Time"
The First Needles and Sewing
25,000 years ago
The First Needles and Sewing
25,000 years ago
"A Stitch in Time"
The First Needles and Sewing
25,000 years ago
59
"Bend Me, Shape Me"
The First Pottery
16,000 years ago
The First Pottery
16,000 years ago
"Bend Me, Shape Me"
The First Pottery
16,000 years ago
60
"Draw Back Your Bow"
The First Bow and Arrow
11,000 years ago
The First Bow and Arrow
11,000 years ago
"Draw Back Your Bow"
The First Bow and Arrow
11,000 years ago
7
"From Farm to the City:
The Neolithic and Urban Revolutions
and their Consequences"
10,000 to 1,000 years ago
The Neolithic and Urban Revolutions
and their Consequences"
10,000 to 1,000 years ago
.
"From Farm to the City:
The Neolithic and Urban Revolutions and their Consequences"
10,000 to 1,000 years ago
61
"Row, Row, Row Your Boat"
The First Boats
10,000 years ago
The First Boats
10,000 years ago
"Row, Row, Row Your Boat"
The First Boats
10,000 years ago
62
"Down on the Farm"
The Neolithic Revolution
10,000 years ago
The Neolithic Revolution
10,000 years ago
"Down on the Farm"
The Neolithic Revolution
10,000 years ago
63
"Heavy Metal"
The Origins of Metallurgy
8,000 years ago
The Origins of Metallurgy
8,000 years ago
"Heavy Metal"
The Origins of Metallurgy
8,000 years ago
64
"Easy Riders"
The Development of Ships and Mounted Horse Transportation
6,000 to 5,000 years ago
The Development of Ships and Mounted Horse Transportation
6,000 to 5,000 years ago
"Easy Riders"
The Development of Ships and Mounted Horse Transportation
6,000 to 5,000 years ago
65
"We Built This City"
Cities and Complex Societies
5,500 years ago
Cities and Complex Societies
5,500 years ago
"We Built This City"
Cities and Complex Societies
5,500 years ago
66
"Write This Down"
The Origins of Writing and Notation
5,000 years ago
The Origins of Writing and Notation
5,000 years ago
"Write This Down"
The Origins of Writing and Notation
5,000 years ago
67
"Big Wheels Keep on Turnin"
Wheeled Vehicles
5,000 years ago
Wheeled Vehicles
5,000 years ago
"Big Wheels Keep on Turnin"
Wheeled Vehicles
5,000 years ago
68
"Iron Man"
The Iron Age
3,500 years ago (1500 BC)
The Iron Age
3,500 years ago (1500 BC)
"Iron Man"
The Iron Age
3,500 years ago (1500 BC)
69
"Power to the People"
The First Democracy
2,560 years ago (550 BC)
The First Democracy
2,560 years ago (550 BC)
"Power to the People"
The First Democracy
2,560 years ago (550 BC)
70
"What's Your Plan?"
Large-scale Urban Planning
2,210 years ago (200 B.C.)
Large-scale Urban Planning
2,210 years ago (200 B.C.)
"What's Your Plan?"
Large-scale Urban Planning
2,210 years ago (200 B.C.)
8
"Ages of Enlightenment:
From the Dark Ages of Superstition
to the Scientific Revolution"
1,000 to 100 years ago
From the Dark Ages of Superstition
to the Scientific Revolution"
1,000 to 100 years ago
.
"Ages of Enlightenment:
From the Dark Ages of Superstition to the Scientific Revolution"
1,000 to 100 years ago
71
"Fire and Brimstone"
The Rise of Firearms
Beginning 1300 AD
The Rise of Firearms
Beginning 1300 AD
"Fire and Brimstone"
The Rise of Firearms
Beginning 1300 AD
72
"A Reawakening"
The Renaissance in the Western World
Beginning 1400 AD
The Renaissance in the Western World
Beginning 1400 AD
"A Reawakening"
The Renaissance in the Western World
Beginning 1400 AD
73
"Land Ho!"
Age of Exploration & Exploitation
Beginning 1400 AD
Age of Exploration & Exploitation
Beginning 1400 AD
"Land Ho!"
Age of Exploration & Exploitation
Beginning 1400 AD
74
"Hot off the Presses"
The Printing Press and Movable Type
Beginning 1455 AD
The Printing Press and Movable Type
Beginning 1455 AD
"Hot off the Presses"
The Printing Press and Movable Type
Beginning 1455 AD
75
"From Superstition to Science"
The Scientific Revolution
Beginning 1543 AD
The Scientific Revolution
Beginning 1543 AD
"From Superstition to Science"
The Scientific Revolution
Beginning 1543 AD
76
"All Fired Up"
The Industrial Revolution
Beginning 1760 AD
The Industrial Revolution
Beginning 1760 AD
"All Fired Up"
The Industrial Revolution
Beginning 1760 AD
77
"Start Me Up"
Powered Modern Transport
Beginning 1802 AD
Powered Modern Transport
Beginning 1802 AD
"Start Me Up"
Powered Modern Transport
Beginning 1802 AD
78
"You Oughta Be in Pictures"
Photography and Cinematography
Beginning 1826 AD
Photography and Cinematography
Beginning 1826 AD
"You Oughta Be in Pictures"
Photography and Cinematography
Beginning 1826 AD
79
"From a Distance"
Long-Distance Communications
Beginning 1830 AD
Long-Distance Communications
Beginning 1830 AD
"From a Distance"
Long-Distance Communications
Beginning 1830 AD
80
"Bright Lights, Big City"
Electric Light and Power
Beginning 1879 AD
Electric Light and Power
Beginning 1879 AD
"Bright Lights, Big City"
Electric Light and Power
Beginning 1879 AD
9
"Modern Times: The Last Century,
Laying the Foundations of
the World We Live In"
100 to 10 years ago
Laying the Foundations of
the World We Live In"
100 to 10 years ago
.
"Modern Times: The Last Century, Laying the Foundations of the World We Live In"
100 to 10 years ago
81
"It's All Relative"
Relativity and Quantum Theory
Late 1800s, early 1900s
Relativity and Quantum Theory
Late 1800s, early 1900s
"It's All Relative"
Relativity and Quantum Theory
Late 1800s, early 1900s
82
"Rocket Man"
Rockets, Satellites, and Lunar Landings
Beginning 1926 AD
Rockets, Satellites, and Lunar Landings
Beginning 1926 AD
"Rocket Man"
Rockets, Satellites, and Lunar Landings
Beginning 1926 AD
83
"You're On the Air"
Television
Beginning 1935 AD
Television
Beginning 1935 AD
"You're On the Air"
Television
Beginning 1935 AD
84
"Bits and Bytes"
Computers, Transistors, Silicon Chips
Beginning 1937 AD
Computers, Transistors, Silicon Chips
Beginning 1937 AD
"Bits and Bytes"
Computers, Transistors, Silicon Chips
Beginning 1937 AD
86
"Miracle Drugs & Medical Devices"
Penicillin and Other Medical Advances
Beginning 1941 AD
Penicillin and Other Medical Advances
Beginning 1941 AD
"Miracle Drugs & Medical Devices"
Penicillin and Other Medical Advances
Beginning 1941 AD
87
"The Genie Has Left the Bottle"
Dawn of the Atomic Age
Beginning 1942 AD
Dawn of the Atomic Age
Beginning 1942 AD
"The Genie Has Left the Bottle"
Dawn of the Atomic Age
Beginning 1942 AD
88
"Cracking the Code"
DNA Structure & Genetic Engineering
Beginning 1953 AD
DNA Structure & Genetic Engineering
Beginning 1953 AD
"Cracking the Code"
DNA Structure & Genetic Engineering
Beginning 1953 AD
89
"Can You Hear Me Now?"
Advanced Telecommunications
Beginning 1973 AD
Advanced Telecommunications
Beginning 1973 AD
"Can You Hear Me Now?"
Advanced Telecommunications
Beginning 1973 AD
90
"Surf's Up!"
The World Wide Web
Beginning 1989 AD
The World Wide Web
Beginning 1989 AD
"Surf's Up!"
The World Wide Web
Beginning 1989 AD
10
"The Age of Connections:
The Past Decade of Innovations
and Their Implications"
The last 10 years
The Past Decade of Innovations
and Their Implications"
The last 10 years
.
"The Age of Connections:
The Past Decade of Innovations and Their Implications"
The last 10 years
91
"Where the Heck Are We?"
Widespread Use of GPS & Satellite Imaging
Widespread Use of GPS & Satellite Imaging
"Where the Heck Are We?"
Widespread Use of GPS & Satellite Imaging
92
"Ch-Ch-Ch-Ch-Changes, that Make the Strain..."
Overpopulation & Climate Change
Overpopulation & Climate Change
"Ch-Ch-Ch-Ch-Changes, that Make the Strain..."
Overpopulation & Climate Change
95
"Closer Encounters"
Recent Advances in Astronomy
Recent Advances in Astronomy
"Closer Encounters"
Recent Advances in Astronomy
97
"Keep Searchin"
Widespread Use of Search Engines
Widespread Use of Search Engines
"Keep Searchin"
Widespread Use of Search Engines
98
"Say Hello to My Little Friends"
The Rise of Nanotechnology
The Rise of Nanotechnology
"Say Hello to My Little Friends"
The Rise of Nanotechnology
99
"Here, There, and Everywhere..."
Instantaneous Communication & World-Wide Connections
Instantaneous Communication & World-Wide Connections
"Here, There, and Everywhere..."
Instantaneous Communication & World-Wide Connections
100
"Living for the Future"
The Idea of Sustainability
The Idea of Sustainability
"Living for the Future"
The Idea of Sustainability